Simon Kuestenmacher @simongerman600 · 4d Topographic 3D rendered view of Turkey shows the important role that mountains play in the local geography. 

Source: https://buff.ly/2HsAlj9

https://i.redd.it/9od6yhq2seu51.jpg

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Istanbul in 3 Days|Travel Guide 2023|3 days plan,local tips, Photos and Online Maps: What to do in Istanbul|where to stay|top restaurants|food guide|day trips|Google maps with best spots.

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Istanbul: The Imperial City

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National Geographic Walking Istanbul: The Best of the City (National Geographic Walking Guide)

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Pocket Rough Guide Istanbul: Travel Guide with eBook (Pocket Rough Guides)

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TURKEYS concept

You can enlarge the map by clicking on it.

• Southern Belt: Maghreb. Egypt (Mamluk). Mesopotamia/Mashrik (Levant)
• Northern Belt: Hungary. Mongolia. Manchuria
• Middle Generation: Central Turkey. Transoxiana (41st Parallel)

The concept of TURKEY

Dear friend, have a nice day, have a nice sunday.
Today, June 23, is a hot Sunday in Istanbul. The topic we will talk about today is the concept of Turkey. Of course, we will talk about this in comparison with China.

When we look at China, it appears as the world’s superpower and America’s only scourge. Like us, China has had many dynasties and states, but the Chinese never say that we have established so many states, so many dynasties ruled us. They say only one thing, “China”. They constantly place the Chinese brand in the minds of the world. This is how they became a super economic power. They have been implementing a conscious plan in this regard for 50 years since 1978.

When we look back at us, we have established 16 states, Ottomans, Seljuks, Ghaznavids, Karakhanids, Göktürks, Huns, Uyghurs, states, dynasties, this is a mess. Why don’t we come out of this only with the concept of Turkey? What I mean by Turkey is that the Turkish state was founded on three continents. The name of the Ottomans was European Turkey, when you look at the British maps established in Europe, they always write Turkey as the European part, and the Asia Minor “Asia Minor” for the Anatolian part. “Devlet ü Türkiyye” founded by the Mamluks in Africa, and our final state established in Anatolia is the Republic of Turkey, “Turkey”. Now, in the states we have established in Asia, Europe and Africa, there is always an emphasis on Turkey.

What has always been thought for us is that they establish the state and then destroy it. It has been so, these states have destroyed each other. Then, we need to unite the Turkish states, starting from Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean coast to the Pacific coast, under the identity of Turkey, by going beyond the state configurations in the history of the Turkish World, Turkistan style namings and dynastic namings and coming out with a different perspective.

Today, China has a population of 1.5 billion, but Turkey is the leader of the Islamic World, which has 1.5 billion. Turkish communities are in it. Then we will have brought two equal forces face to face. The yield of this; Just as “Made in China” is written on the back of a product, what we need to do is to spread the “Made in Turkey” branding, in these 3 continents, which is actually 4 continents. If we count India as a continent, because there are 5 states, that is also is a subcontinent. Creating a great power by combining the products in these 4 continents under the name of Turkey brand will be to create the perception of one Turkey.

GREAT TURKEY” concept

My dear friend,

I would like to share my thoughts on the concept of “Great Turkey” with you. The concept of “Great Turkey” was used for the first time in our country by one of the politicians, Süleyman Demirel. He also has a book titled “Great Turkey”. He always described Turkey as great.

When we look at today, can we describe Turkey as great, this is a question mark. In the concept of “Great Turkey” that Süleyman Bey meant, he was talking about Turkey with a large industry, he was talking about a Turkey with self-sufficient agriculture. In the pre-1980 period, the word industrialization was a key concept in Turkey’s agenda, and Turkey’s agriculture was self-sufficient. Can we see them today?

Also, in the 1990s, another great one began to be mentioned. But it was Clinton America that described it as great, and Greater China brought up the concept of “Greater China”. Now, by Greater China here, he meant the Chinese residing in that region of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macao, and South East Asia in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. We see this greatness as real today. China is now “Greater China”, “Greater China”.

After the Bush administration, which took over the United States in the 2000s, America abandoned this concept. This concept was only relevant with Clinton. Now China now buys energy in yuan. Abandoning the US dollar, bringing the silk road to life, then China is great.

When we look back at Turkey now, for Turkey to be great, it must be as inclusive as China. What is meant by inclusiveness, how will “Great Turkey” be filled? In other words, I am talking about being like China, being in an influential position in the world. What I can see here as “Great Turkey” is Asia, India, Iran, Turkistan, where it took place for thousands of years in the countries where history has a legacy, then the Mughal Empire in India, the 3 continents where the Ottoman Empire is the legacy, Greater Asia, Africa, and Europe.

The first state known as Turkey today, the State of Turkey, was established in Egypt.

Great Turkey covers the borders of the Muslim world. It is not only the borders of the National Pact today, it covers the borders of all Muslim countries and countries where we have historical depth. My point of view is like this.

Greetings and love.

Turkey - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

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The Turkish Cookbook

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Turkey, exotic, colorful, many-faceted, romantic, ever- old and ever new, is the gateway and the key to the fabled East. It is in the context of its unique geographic location and its age long history that its religious sites continue to be significant.

Speaking in more concrete terms, turkey includes the large Peninsula of western Asia, called both Asia minor and Anatolia, and a part of Thrace in Europe.

It is it is roughly a rectangular.

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2025: The Ultimate Guide to Turkey's Vibrant Capital with Expert Tips, Hidden Gems, and Unforgettable Experiences

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MEDITERRANEAN CRUISE PORTS TRAVEL GUIDE 2024 EDITION: Sailing the Seas of Splendor: A Comprehensive Guide to Unforgettable Mediterranean Cruise Ports in 2024 (Frank K Knowles Destination Guide)

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Istanbul Travel Guide: Unlock The Timeless Charms Of The Heart Of Turkey With Savvy Tips For Cultural Exploration, Detailed Itineraries And Maps (Unbeatable ... Explore Locally With Travel Hacks Book 17)

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God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades

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Map shows where the Roman emperors died. From Augustus to Augustulus.

Roman Emperors’ Graveyards

1. Italy
2. Turkey

Rum means Roman, not Greek.

RE starts in Italy, then restarts and ends in Turkey.
Roman Empire restarted in 1453 in Istanbul Turkey and ended in end 1922 in Turkey.

The meaning of Hagia Sophia (577) and Kutadgu Bilig (1072) by Kaşgarli Mahmud of Kasghar in Eastern Turkestan is the same: SACRED WISDOM. It is your choice to be with or without wisdom.

Roman Empire: https://twitter.com/search?q=%40xruiztru%20roman%20&src=typed_query

Number of Roman Theatres and Amphitheatres per country.

Source: http://bit.ly/3d5thGP

The rise and fall of the Roman Empire in 2 minutes! ✨
pic.twitter.com/WWGouc7Jwx

— Xavi Ruiz (@xruiztru) January 1, 2021

The Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Istanbul Travel Guide: Unlock The Timeless Charms Of The Heart Of Turkey With Savvy Tips For Cultural Exploration, Detailed Itineraries And Maps (Unbeatable ... Explore Locally With Travel Hacks Book 17)

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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ISTANBUL EXPERIENTIAL TOUR & TRAVEL GUIDE 2024-2025: Must-See Destinations, Top Itineraries and Budget-friendly Travel Tips, Top Attractions, ... to Explore in Turkey (TOUR & TRAVEL'S TIPS)

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The Idiot: A Novel

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Istanbul: The Imperial City

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Lonely Planet Turkey (Travel Guide)

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Istanbul: Memories and the City

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DK Top 10 Istanbul (Pocket Travel Guide)

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God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades

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Turkish Short Stories for Beginners: 20 Captivating Short Stories to Learn Turkish & Grow Your Vocabulary the Fun Way! (Easy Turkish Stories)

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DK Greek Islands (Travel Guide)

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The Essential Guide to Turkish Wine: An exploration of one of the oldest and most unexpected wine countries

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Strolling Through Istanbul: The Classic Guide to the City

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Ottoman history has a meaning beyond the history of Turkey and the Turks. Today, we know that more than twenty countries in the Balkans, the Danube, the Middle East and North Africa, which have different languages, religions, races and political regimes, are facing some common problems as the owners of a common heritage. These problems are to some extent the living history of the Ottoman Empire. There were three “Roman Empires” in the Mediterranean world. These three Romes were political social systems with their own traditional structures and ideologies, different from the nationalist empires of the new ages. The third and last of these traditional Roman empires is the Ottoman Empire. That is why we say that examining the institutions and structure of this empire has a meaning beyond examining the history of the Turks.

This historical phenomenon is the common destiny and common past of the people in the Mediterranean region. Today, people on three continents have begun to look at problems with a more rational eye. “The history of the Third Roman Empire is the memory of the common past of all these peoples, sometimes with disasters and sometimes with honorable events. As each of the peoples in the Ottoman countries takes their place in the modern world, they will review the characteristics and diseases they have acquired from this common heritage together and seek precautions.

Great empires in our region at the beginning of the Middle Ages

The Middle East and the Mediterranean region is a world where the first agricultural activities were seen, and therefore urbanization and organized society, in short, the state emerged. Urbanization and organization seen around rivers in ancient times could not have occurred in arid lands. For this reason, the states created by river civilizations and fertile regions could easily dominate large areas throughout history, and the Mediterranean-Middle East world, the cradle of this civilization, witnessed the birth and continuation of great empires.

These regions have not been able to leave the traditional agricultural order and make the agricultural technological revolution for ages. The Mediterranean and Middle Eastern empires of the early and middle ages had to organize irrigation facilities to prevent drought and famine, transportation and accommodation for the continuation of trade.

In this part of the world, where arid and low-density lands stretched as far as possible, small statelets did not have a chance to survive as in Western Europe of the Middle Ages. However, a political delegation that controlled large regions had a chance for power.

For this, the medieval eastern state is the great empire. However, the primitiveness of transportation and communication technology and the inadequacy of the means of control (such as postal, bureaucratic organization, monetary system, etc.) have caused the fact that a widely used description for the eastern monarchies, namely the centralized-state type, does not exist technically.

Peasant and artisanal groups have always been subordinated to the management of local control groups. In other words, classical feudalism first emerged in Middle Eastern societies and continued until late times. However, local powers prevented the formation of a legal economic infrastructure and organization that would establish an independent state. Therefore, central state power prevailed.

In our Turkish, there are not only Arabic and Persian idioms, but also a heap of words from Italian, Greek, Syriac, Hungarian, eastern and southern Slavic languages. Likewise, many Turkish words and idioms can be found in these languages. Even this situation shows that there is no civilization that remains unique in the Mediterranean-Middle East region. The history and social order of Turkey is also a synthesis of the Mediterranean. For this reason, we enter our subject by examining the state and social order of the Sassanids, Byzantines, Arabs and Italians.

We live in this synthesis at every stage of our daily lives. Turkish cuisine is a Balkan-Middle East synthesis. It was the Ottoman order of the 16th century that brought Hungarian goulash, Rumelian vegetable dishes to the warm provinces of Mesopotamia, and Mesopotamian desserts to the tables of distant Balkan peoples.

From the Balkan states to the sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf, it is possible to see the remnants of this administration everywhere. The borders of the republics that make up the Arab world are to some extent the borders of the former Ottoman provinces. Sometimes, it is not exactly like that, and there is a problem like in Iraq. The border of administrative units in Bulgaria is the old sanjak. The remnants of the Ottoman land system create problems in the countries where the private property regime is observed. Mecelle was in effect in Arab countries until recently.

The Middle East region has been the world of great empires. In this region, where writing was used, organized society and urbanization were seen for the first time, small states did not have a chance to survive throughout history, except during times of depression and migration. There is no other region where cultural interaction and assimilation is so strong. In the arid lands of the Middle East, where neither the small state nor the original small society culture has a chance to survive, one of the small states dominates the other small ones, just as only one of the eaglets has a chance to survive.

Civilization was born in the Middle East-Mediterranean region. But we see that traditional culture and technology started to change in the 20th century. Because of this change, the Middle East world is a whole of countries where big problems are experienced. The knowledge of Ottoman history gives the opportunity to approach these problems. The geographical composition of the Ottoman countries has changed continuously throughout the six centuries of life of the state.

Conquests and territorial losses changed the ethnic composition of the people of the country as well as the administrative division of the country. In fact, there is no need to enumerate all these changes here. Moreover, the historical geography of the Ottoman country is still far from being an issue that scientists can solve. However, when we look at the borders of the 17th century, we encounter the following situation.

The borders of the Ottoman country, starting from Transylvania and Transdanubian Hungary in the west, follow the entire Danube basin to the Black Sea, and include the Dalmatian coast, the Mediterranean islands and the whole Peloponnese-Peloponnese in the south. border in the north; Podolia extends to the steppes of Ukraine, including the Crimean peninsula, via Wallachia-Boğdan.

This whole area, together with the privileged principality, the statelets under the protection and the provinces attached to the center, constitute the Rumelia part. In the east, the border starting from Azerbaijan and Luristan included the Southern Caucasus, the protectorate and dependent states in the North Caucasus, and finally the entire Anatolian continent, Al Jazeera, Syria and Lower Mesopotamia as provinces affiliated to the center. If we consider Arabia and the Hejaz lands with the status of privileged principality, the Asian continent of the empire will be completed. In Africa, if we count Egypt, a part of Abyssinia, Libya, Tunisia and Algeria, which are called Western Hearths, we will have roughly completed the composition of the country.

It is clear that this whole area does not have a homogeneous population. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that the state does not have a homogeneous administrative-financial structure. This is the situation that has made Ottoman history a series of problems that are difficult to solve. That’s why we generally have to be limited when dealing with issues, and the problems of the Anatolian continent will be binding for us.

There are studies that need to be done in rural and urban areas in order to know the Ottoman history. History and sociology are disciplines that should benefit from each other’s results. The concepts of sociology are the language of history. History is the laboratory of sociology. He will learn the methods and techniques for approaching historical scientific problems from sociology. The future of Turkish historiography; depends on human geography, toponymy, financial history research.

Source: Prof İlber Ortaylı. Türkiye Teşkilat ve İdare Tarihi

Lonely Planet Istanbul (Travel Guide)

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The Monocle Travel Guide to Istanbul: The Monocle Travel Guide Series (Monocle Travel Guide, 7)

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Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2025: The Ultimate Guide to Turkey's Vibrant Capital with Expert Tips, Hidden Gems, and Unforgettable Experiences

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Istanbul: A Collection of Beautiful Photos for Istanbul Lovers, Coffee Table Picture Book (Travel Photography)

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul (Pocket Guide)

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The Ultimate Istanbul Travel Guide 2025: All You Need to Know Before You Go with Recommendations on Must-See Attractions, Things to Do, Hidden Gems, Where to Stay, Places to Eat, and Ways to Save

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Love Across Borders: Passports, Papers, and Romance in a Divided World

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DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Istanbul

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DK Top 10 Istanbul (Pocket Travel Guide)

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The Lawrence Durrell Travel Reader

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Turkey - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

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National Geographic Walking Istanbul: The Best of the City (National Geographic Walking Guide)

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Collins Turkish Phrasebook and Dictionary Gem Edition (Collins Gem)

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Istanbul: The Imperial City

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The Idiot: A Novel

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Actual Archaeology: UNDERSTANDING GOBEKLI TEPE (15)

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